There has been numerous theories espoused about who the 144,000 mentioned in Revelation are and what they are to do. The problem with most of these theories is they do not line up with Scripture.
In Revelation chapter 7, the 144,000 are first mentioned and a portion of who they are is mentioned. “² And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living El (God); and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea. ³ Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our El in their foreheads” (KJV, Revelation 7:2-3). In verse three, we see they are the SERVANTS of YaHVaH. The Scripture here does not say what kind of servants, but many have theorized (because of verse 9 which follows the description of the 144,000) they are evangelists who speak to people on earth during the tribulation. However, this is impractical for two reasons. One, verse 9 starts off with “After this I beheld,” which is an indication in Revelation the writer has switched view points to another subject matter entirely. The Great Multitude in verse 9 has nothing to do with the 144,000. Second, chapter 14 lays out the purpose for the 144,000.
Verses 4 through 8 explain that those Servants sealed by this angel are 144,000 which come out of 12 tribes of Israel (12,000 each). This then identifies them as Hebrews or Israelites, not Jewish as some believe since Jews are only one tribe (Judah). Ok, so we know who they are biologically; who are they physically and spiritually? For this we go to Chapter 14.
In Chapter 14, the 144,000 are “¹ And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with Him an hundred and forty and four thousand, having His Father’s Name written in their foreheads” (KJV, Revelation 14:1). The Lamb spoken of here is Yeshua and the 144,000 are the same ones sealed in Chapter 7. And, where are they? With Yeshua. This important later.
Verse 2 speaks of a great voice and harpers playing, then “³ And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders; and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth” (KJV, Revelation 14:3). Here we see one of the purposes of the 144,000; to learn the song sung in heaven and sing it (possibly in Heaven and on earth).
Who are the 144,000 physically and spiritually? The answer is in verses 4 and 5, “These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. … And in their mouths was found no guile; for they are without fault before the throne of God” (KJV, Revelation 14:4a,5). They are virgin male Iraelites/Hebrews who are totally pure. Some may argue this is not possible, but ANYTHING is possible with YaHVaH. Israelites mentioned here are not those from the present Nation of Israel, but those from the YaHVaH ordained Nation from the Old Testament.
The end of verse 4 explains the further purpose of the 144,000. “These are they that follow the Lamb whithersoever He goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb” (KJV, Revelation 14:4b). Again, the Lamb is Yeshua and the purpose here for the 144,000 is to be firstfruits to YaHVaH and Yeshua; and to follow Yeshua wherever He goes. So, remember the Servants mentioned in Chapter 7; well they are Yeshua’s servants going with Him. You may ask what they will be doing? At this point, Yeshua is in Heaven, but soon (chapter 19) it is time for Him to come down and execute judgment upon the earth. In Chapter 19, Yeshua comes down with His armies and, of course, His servants.
In conclusion, we find these 144,000 to neither be evangelists or to conform to the Jehovah Witness belief that the 144,000 represent the total number of saints who will ascend to the heavenly church. They are in fact 12,000 from each tribe of Israel (not the present nation) male virgins; whose purpose is to be servants to Yeshua, go wherever He goes, and learn the Heavenly song sung before the throne. It is possible they will fight alongside Yeshua when He returns to execute judgment on mankind.
What they are not. They are not evangelists, they are not the only saints to go to Heaven, they are not the only ones redeemed, and they are not the only followers of Yeshua. They are the ones set aside by YaHVaH for His purpose as Yeshua’s servants.
Be blessed and shalom, Min. Donald H. Garrett