Jewish Calendar and Jewish History

TODAY IN JEWISH HISTORY

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From Chabad:

 

The Hebrew Month of Adar (& Adar II)

 

The spirit of Purim permeates the entire month, making it a time of unparalleled rejoicing and good mazal (fortune) for the Jewish people.

 
 
 
Hamantashen Magen David – By Esther Rosen

Adar is the 12th month on the Jewish calendar counting from Nisan.

“When Adar enters, joy increases,” the Talmud says. This reaches its climax on the 14th of the month, as we celebrate Mordechai and Esther’s triumph over the wicked Haman.

The spirit of Purim permeates the entire month, making it a time of unparalleled rejoicing and good mazal (“fortune”) for the Jewish people.

During a Jewish leap year, which occurs seven times in a 19-year cycle (approximately once every three years), there is an added month called “Adar I,” inserted before this month of Adar (termed “Adar II” in leap years). This aligns the lunar months with the solar year, ensuring that the holidays fall in the proper seasons.

 
 
 

Hebrew Months:

The Hebrew Calendar is a lunisolar calendar, or fixed lunar year, based on twelve lunar months of 29 or 30 days, with an intercalary lunar month added seven times every 19 years (once every 2 to 3 years) to “synchronize” the twelve lunar cycles with the slightly longer solar year. The twelve regular months are: Aviv/Nisan (30 days), Ziv/Iyar (29 days), Sivan (30 days), Tammuz (29 days), Av (30 days), Elul (29 days), Ethaniym/Tishrei (30 days), Bul/Cheshvan (29 or 30 days), Kislev (29 or 30 days), Teveth (29 days), Shevat (30 days), and Adar (29 days). In the leap years an additional month, Adar Alef (30 days) is added after Shevat, and the regular Adar is referred to as Adar Bet.

  •           Biblically                          |        Secular
  •           Starts in Spring              |        Starts in the Fall
  •           (generally March)         |        (generally September)
    1. Aviv/Nissan                    |       7. Nisan
    2. Ziv                                    |       8. Iyar
    3. Sivan                                |       9. Sivan
    4. (Name not mentioned) |      10. Tammuz
    5. Av                                     |      11. Av
    6. Elul                                   |      12. Elul
    7. Ethaniym                        |        1. Tishrei          
    8. Bul                                    |        2. Cheshvan
    9. Kislev                               |        3. Kislev
    10. Teveth                              |        4. Tevet
    11. Shevat                              |        5. Shevat
    12. Adar I/Adar II                 |        6. Adar I/Adar II

UPCOMING JEWISH HOLIDAYS

Holidays and Observances:

    2024

     5784    

Jan 25

 Shevat 15 Tu Bishvat ט”ו בשבט
Mar 21 Adar II 11 Fast of Esther תענית אסתר
Mar 23 Adar II 13 Purim Eve ערב פורים
Mar 24 Adar II 14 Purim (Tel Aviv) פורים (תל אביב יפו)
Mar 25 Adar II 15 Shushan Purim (Jerusalem) פורים (ירושלים)
Apr 9 Nisan 1  Biblical New Year  
Apr 22 Nisan 14 Passover Eve ערב פסח
Apr 23 Nisan 15 Passover (Day 1) פּסח
Apr 24 Nisan 16 Passover (Day 2) פסח יום 2
Apr 25 Nisan 17 Passover (Day 3) פסח יום 3
Apr 26 Nisan 18 Passover (Day 4) פסח יום 4
Apr 27 Nisan 19 Passover (Day 5) פסח יום 5
Apr 28 Nisan 20 Passover (Day 6) פסח יום 6
Apr 29 Nisan 21 Passover (Day 7) פסח יום 7
May 6 Nisan 28 Yom HaShoah Holocaust Remember יום השואה
May 13 Iyar 5 Yom HaZikaron Independence Remember יום הזיכרון
May 14 Iyar 6 Yom HaAtzmaut Independence Day יום העצמאות
May 26 Iyar 18 Lag BaOmer ל”ג בעומר
Jun 5 Iyar 28 Jerusalem Day יום ירושלים
Jun 11 Sivan 5 Shavuot Eve ערב שבועות
Jun 12 Sivan 6 Shavuot שבועות
Jul 23 Tammuz 17 17th of Tammuz שבעה עשר בתמוז
Aug 12 Av 8 Tisha B’Av Eve ערב תשעה באב
Aug 13 Av 9 Tisha B’Av תשעה באב
Oct 2 Elul 29 Rosh Hashana Eve ערב ראש השנה
  2024   5785   Secular Hebrew New Year  
Oct 3 Tishri 1 Rosh Hashana ראש השנה
Oct 4 Tishri 2 Rosh Hashana (Day 2) ראש השנה יום 2
Oct 5 Tishri 3 Gedaliah Fast צום גדליה
Oct 11 Tishri 9 Yom Kippur Eve ערב יום כיפור
Oct 12 Tishri 10 Yom Kippur יום כיפור
Oct 16 Tishri 14 Sukkot Eve ערב סוכות
Oct 17 Tishri 15 Sukkot (Day 1) סוכות יום 1
Oct 18 Tishri 16 Sukkot (Day 2) סוכות יום 2
Oct 19 Tishri 17 Sukkot (Day 3) סוכות יום 3
Oct 20 Tishri 18 Sukkot (Day 4) סוכות יום 4
Oct 21 Tishri 19 Sukkot (Day 5) סוכות יום 5
Oct 22 Tishri 20 Sukkot (Day 6) סוכות יום 6
Oct 23 Tishri 21 Sukkot (Day 7) / Hoshanah Rabah סוכות יום 7
Oct 24 Tishri 22 Shemini Atzeret / Simchat Torah שמחת תורה
Dec 26 Kislev 25 Hanukkah (Day 1) חנוכה יום 1
Dec 27 Kislev 26 Hanukkah (Day 2) חנוכה יום 2
Dec 28 Kislev 27 Hanukkah (Day 3) חנוכה יום 3
Dec 29 Kislev 28 Hanukkah (Day 4) חנוכה יום 4
Dec 30 Kislev 29 Hanukkah (Day 5) חנוכה יום 5
Dec 31 Kislev 30 Hanukkah (Day 6) חנוכה יום 6

2025

Jan 1

 Tevet 1 Hanukkah (Day 7) חנוכה יום 7
Jan 2 Tevet 2 Hanukkah (Day 8) חנוכה יום 8
Jan 10 Tevet 10 Asarah B’Tevet עשרה בטבת

Table of Weekly Parashiyot

Below is a table of the regular weekly scriptural readings.  Haftarot in parentheses indicate Sephardic ritual where it differs from Ashkenazic.  There are other variations on the readings for Yemenites (and others), but these are the most commonly used ones.

There are alternative and additional special readings for certain holidays and other special days, listed in a separate table below.

Parashah Torah Haftarah
Bereishit Genesis 1,1-6,8 Isaiah 42,5-43,10
(Isaiah 42,5-21)
Noach Genesis 6,9-11,32 Isaiah 54,1-55,5
(Isaiah 54,1-10)
Lekh Lekha Genesis 12,1-17,27 Isaiah 40,27-41,16
Vayeira Genesis 18,1-22,24 2 Kings 4,1-37
(2 Kings 4,1-23)
Chayei Sarah Genesis 23,1-25,18 1 Kings 1,1-31
Toldot Genesis 25,19-28,9 Malachi 1,1-2,7
Vayeitzei Genesis 28,10-32,3 Hosea 12,13-14,10
(Hosea 11,7-12,12)
Vayishlach Genesis 32,4-36,43 Hosea 11,7-12,12
(Obadiah 1,1-21)
Vayyeshev Genesis 37,1-40,23 Amos 2,6-3,8
Miqeitz Genesis 41,1-44,17 1 Kings 3,15-4,1
Vayigash Genesis 44,18-47,27 Ezekiel 37,15-28
Vayechi Genesis 47,28-50,26 1 Kings 2,1-12
Shemot Exodus 1,1-6,1 Isaiah 27,6-28,13; 29,22-23
(Jeremiah 1,1-2,3)
Va’eira Exodus 6,2-9,35 Ezekiel 28,25-29,21
Bo Exodus 10,1-13,16 Jeremiah 46,13-28
Beshalach Exodus 13,17-17,16 Judges 4,4-5,31
(Judges 5,1-31)
Yitro Exodus 18,1-20,23 Isaiah 6,1-7,6; 9,5-6
(Isaiah 6,1-13)
Mishpatim Exodus 21,1-24,18 Jeremiah 34,8-22; 33,25-26
Terumah Exodus 25,1-27,19 1 Kings 5,26-6,13
Tetzaveh Exodus 27,20-30,10 Ezekiel 43,10-27
Ki Tisa Exodus 30,11-34,35 1 Kings 18,1-39
(1 Kings 18,20-39)
Vayaqhel Exodus 35,1-38,20 1 Kings 7,40-50
(1 Kings 7,13-26)
Pequdei Exodus 38,21-40,38 1 Kings 7,51-8,21
(1 Kings 7,40-50)
Vayiqra Leviticus 1,1-5,26 Isaiah 43,21-44,23
Tzav Leviticus 6,1-8,36 Jeremiah 7,21-8,3; 9,22-23
Shemini Leviticus 9,1-11,47 2 Samuel 6,1-7,17
(2 Samuel 6,1-19)
Tazria Leviticus 12,1-13,59 2 Kings 4,42-5,19
Metzora Leviticus 14,1-15,33 2 Kings 7,3-20
Acharei Leviticus 16,1-18,30 Ezekiel 22,1-16
Qedoshim Leviticus 19,1-20,27 Amos 9,7-15
(Ezekiel 20,2-20)
Emor Leviticus 21,1-24,23 Ezekiel 44,15-31
Behar Leviticus 25,1-26,2 Jeremiah 32,6-27
Bechuqotai Leviticus 26,3-27,34 Jeremiah 16,19-17,14
Bamidbar Numbers 1,1-4,20 Hosea 2,1-22
Nasso Numbers 4,21-7,89 Judges 13,2-25
Beha’alotkha Numbers 8,1-12,16 Zechariah 2,14-4,7
Shelach Numbers 13,1-15,41 Joshua 2,1-24
Qorach Numbers 16,1-18,32 1 Samuel 11,14-12,22
Chuqat Numbers 19,1-22,1 Judges 11,1-33
Balaq Numbers 22,2-25,9 Micah 5,6-6,8
Pinchas Numbers 25,10-30,1 1 Kings 18,46-19,21
Mattot Numbers 30,2-32,42 Jeremiah 1,1-2,3
Masei Numbers 33,1-36,13 Jeremiah 2,4-28; 3,4
(Jeremiah 2,4-28; 4,1-2)
Devarim Deuteronomy 1,1-3,22 Isaiah 1,1-27
Va’etchanan Deuteronomy 3,23-7,11 Isaiah 40,1-26
Eiqev Deuteronomy 7,12-11,25 Isaiah 49,14-51,3
Re’eh Deuteronomy 11,26-16,17 Isaiah 54,11-55,5
Shoftim Deuteronomy 16,18-21,9 Isaiah 51,12-52,12
Ki Teitzei Deuteronomy 21,10-25,19 Isaiah 54,1-10
Ki Tavo Deuteronomy 26,1-29,8 Isaiah 60,1-22
Nitzavim Deuteronomy 29,9-30,20 Isaiah 61,10-63,9
Vayeilekh Deuteronomy 31,1-31,30 Hosea 14,2-10; Joel 2,15-27
(Hosea 14,2-10; Micah 7,18-20)
Ha’azinu Deuteronomy 32,1-32,52 2 Samuel 22,1-51
Vezot Haberakhah Deuteronomy 33,1-34,12 Joshua 1,1-18
(Joshua 1,1-9)

 

Table of Special Parashiyot

Below are additional readings for holidays and special sabbaths.  Haftarot in parentheses indicate Sephardic ritual where it differs from Ashkenazic.  Note that on holidays, the Maftir portion ordinarily comes from a different Torah scroll.  The Maftir portion is usually the Torah portion that institutes the holiday or specifies the holiday’s offerings.

Parashah Torah Haftarah
Rosh Hashanah, Day 1 Genesis 21,1-34
Numbers 29,1-6		 1 Samuel 1,1-2,10
Rosh Hashanah, Day 2 Genesis 22,1-24
Numbers 29,1-6		 Jeremiah 31,2-20
Shabbat Shuvah   Hosea 14,2-10; Joel 2,15-27
(Hosea 14,2-10; Micah 7,18-20)
Yom Kippur, Morning Leviticus 16,1-34
Numbers 29,7-11		 Isaiah 57,14-58,14
Yom Kippur, Afternoon Leviticus 18,1-30 Jonah 1,1-4,11; Micah 7,18-20
Sukkot, Day 1 Leviticus 22,26-23,44
Numbers 29,12-16		 Zechariah 14,1-21
Sukkot, Day 2 Leviticus 22,26-23,44
Numbers 29,12-16		 1 Kings 8,2-21
Sukkot, Intermediate Sabbath Exodus 33,12-34,26 Ezekiel 38,18-39,16
Shemini Atzeret Deuteronomy 14,22-16,17
Numbers 29,35-30,1		 1 Kings 8,54-9,1
Simchat Torah Deuteronomy 33,1-34,12
Genesis 1,1-2,3
Numbers 29,35-30,1		 Joshua 1,1-18
(Joshua 1,1-9)
Chanukkah, First Sabbath   Zechariah 2,14-4,7
Chanukkah, Second Sabbath   1 Kings 7,40-50
Sheqalim Exodus 30,11-16 2 Kings 12,1-17
(2 Kings 11,17-12,17)
Zakhor Deuteronomy 25,17-19 1 Samuel 15,2-34
(1 Samuel 15,1-34)
Purim Exodus 17,8-16  
Parah Numbers 19,1-22 Ezekiel 36,16-38
(Ezekiel 36,16-36)
Ha-Chodesh Exodus 12,1-20 Ezekiel 45,16-46,18
(Ezekiel 45,18-46,15)
Shabbat Ha-Gadol   Malachi 3,4-24
Passover, Day 1 Exodus 12,21-51
Numbers 28,16-25		 Joshua 5,2-6,1
(Joshua 5,2-6,1; 6,27)
Passover, Day 2 Leviticus 22,26-23,44
Numbers 28,16-25		 2 Kings 23,1-9; 23,21-25
Passover, Intermediate Sabbath Exodus 33,12-34,26
Numbers 28,16-25		 Ezekiel 37,1-14
Passover, Day 7 Exodus 13,17-15,26
Numbers 28,19-25		 2 Samuel 22,1-51
Passover, Day 8 Deuteronomy 15,19-16,17
Numbers 28,19-25		 Isaiah 10,32-12,6
Shavu’ot, Day 1 Exodus 19,1-20,23
Numbers 28,26-31		 Ezekiel 1,1-28; 3,12
Shavu’ot, Day 2 Deuteronomy 15,19-16,17
Numbers 28,26-31		 Habakkuk 3,1-19
(Habakkuk 2,20-3,19)
Tisha B’Av, Morning Deuteronomy 4,25-40 Jeremiah 8,13-9,23
Tisha B’Av, Afternoon Exodus 32,11-14, 34,1-10 Isaiah 55,6-56,8
(Hosea 14,2-10; Micah 7,18-20)
Minor Fasts, Morning Exodus 32,11-14, 34,1-10  
Minor Fasts, Afternoon Exodus 32,11-14, 34,1-10 Isaiah 55,6-56,8
(none)
Rosh Chodesh (weekday) Numbers 28,1-15  
Shabbat on Eve of Rosh Chodesh   1 Samuel 20,18-42
Shabbat Rosh Chodesh Numbers 28,9-15 Isaiah 66,1-24

 

 

From Chabad:

UPCOMING JEWISH HOLIDAYS:

 
 
Rosh Hashanah
Begins sunset of  Sunday, September 25, 2022
Ends nightfall of  Tuesday, September 27, 2022
No work is permitted.
Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year. It is the anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, and a day of judgment and coronation of G‑d as king.
 

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